Unexpected Severe Bocavirus Infections among Hospitalized Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: Acute respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Although human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are not as common as other seasonal respiratory viruses, children who are infected with HBoV are more likely to suffer from a variety of respiratory conditions, including the common cold, acute otitis media, asthma exacerbations, bronchiolitis pneumonia, some of the affected children require pediatric intensive care unit stay. Here, we aimed to evaluate pediatric bocavirus (HBoV) cases presenting with severe respiratory tract symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method(s): This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with respiratory infections, followed up at the Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University between September 2021 and March 2022. In this study, patients with HBoV identified using nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were considered positive. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for their clinical characteristics. Result(s): This study included 54 children (29 girls and 25 boys) with HBoV in nasopharyngeal PCR samples. The cases ranged in age from 1 month to 72 months (median 25 months). At the time of presentation, cough, fever, and respiratory distress were the most prevalent symptoms. Hyperinflation (48%), pneumonic consolidation (42%), and pneumothorax-pneumomediastinum (7%) were observed on the chest X-ray;54% of the children required intensive care unit stay. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 7 (17%) children, while HBoV and other viruses were present in 20 (37%) children;57% of children received supplemental oxygen by mask, 24% high-flow nasal oxygen, 7% continuous positive airway pressure, and 9% invasive mechanical ventilation support. Antibiotics were given to 34 (63%) cases, and systemic steroid treatment was given to 41 (76%) cases. Chest tubes were inserted in three out of the four cases with pneumothorax-pneumomediastinum. All patients were recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion(s): The COVID-19 pandemic changed the epidemiology of seasonal respiratory viruses and the clinical course of the diseases. Although it usually causes mild symptoms, severe respiratory symptoms can lead to life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission.Copyright © 2023. The Author(s).

Unexpected Severe Bocavirus Infections among Hospitalized Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective Acute respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Although human bocavirus (HBoV) infections are not as common as other seasonal respiratory viruses, children who are infected with HBoV are more likely to suffer from a variety of respiratory conditions, including the common cold, acute otitis media, asthma exacerbations, bronchiolitis pneumonia, some of the affected children require pediatric intensive care unit stay. Here, we aimed to evaluate pediatric bocavirus (HBoV) cases presenting with severe respiratory tract symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods This retrospective study evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with respiratory infections, followed up at the Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University between September 2021 and March 2022. In this study, patients with HBoV identified using nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were considered positive. Cases were analyzed retrospectively for their clinical characteristics.Results This study included 54 children (29 girls and 25 boys) with HBoV in nasopharyngeal PCR samples. The cases ranged in age from 1 month to 72 months (median 25 months). At the time of presentation, cough, fever, and respiratory distress were the most prevalent symptoms. Hyperinflation (48%), pneumonic consolidation (42%), and pneumothorax-pneumomediastinum (7%) were observed on the chest X-ray;54% of the children required intensive care unit stay. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 7 (17%) children, while HBoV and other viruses were present in 20 (37%) children;57% of children received supplemental oxygen by mask, 24% high-flow nasal oxygen, 7% continuous positive airway pressure, and 9% invasive mechanical ventilation support. Antibiotics were given to 34 (63%) cases, and systemic steroid treatment was given to 41 (76%) cases. Chest tubes were inserted in three out of the four cases with pneumothorax-pneumomediastinum. All patients were recovered and were discharged from the hospital.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic changed the epidemiology of seasonal respiratory viruses and the clinical course of the diseases. Although it usually causes mild symptoms, severe respiratory symptoms can lead to life-threatening illnesses requiring intensive care admission.

4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, noncovalent, ADMET studies and biological evaluation

Oxadiazines are heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen and one oxygen atom in a six-membered ring. The synthesis and crystal structure of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one (MPMP-OXA) was reported. The organic crystal structure of the synthesized compound was fully characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, NMR and LC/MS-TOF) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The MPMP-OXA crystal structure crystallizes in the triclinic system and space group P-1 with a = 5.9395(15) Å, b = 11.471(3) Å, c = 11.901(3) Å, α = 70.075(4)°, β = 83.454(4)°, γ = 78.016(4)°, V = 744.9(3) Å3, Z = 2 cell parameters. This work is aimed to study the weak interactions in the crystal packing of a new synthesized oxadiazine derivate. The contributions of the most important intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure were investigated by 3D-Hirshfeld surface (HS) and 2D-fingerprint analysis. The C[sbnd]H···O interactions as the most important contributors to the crystal packing between the oxygen of the oxadiazine ring and the hydrogen atom of phenyl ring appear as bright red spots visible on the HS surface. The hydrogen-bonded interaction of MPMP-OXA has been investigated using noncovalent interactions approach. The molecular docking studies for the synthesized compound were performed to gain insight into the inhibition nature of this molecule against DNA Gyrase B Candida and 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (SARS-CoV main protease) proteins and resulted in good activities for new anti-agents. Lastly, Bioavailability, druggability as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity parameters (ADMET), and gastrointestinal absorption (BOILED-Egg method) properties of newly synthesized compound using smile codes were performed in detail. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

LGBTQIA plus People Access to Social Services during the Pandemic in Turkey

LGBTQIA+ people are often subjected to prejudice, discrimination, and violence in many societies. This sets a barrier for LGBTQIA+ people access to social services. This study was conducted to investigate LGBTQIA+ people access to social services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study findings using convenience sampling and exploration design with participants who identify themselves as LGBTQIA+ (N = 856) show that vast majority of LGBTQIA+ people living in Turkey faced serious problems with accessing social services like housing, social assistance, psycho-social support, and post-violence support mechanisms. Future studies which will investigate experiences of LGBTQIA+ people access to social services will help to make the needs and the problems of the LGBTQIA+ community visible and once awareness is made efforts can be made that contribute to the solution.

Education of healthcare personnel working with pediatric patients during covid-19 pandemic within the framework of infection control

Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.

Education of Healthcare Personnel Working with Pediatric Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic within the Framework of Infection Control

Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n=4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic.